To what extent does the Itanium ABI really specify padding and alignment?

To what extent does the Itanium ABI really specify padding and alignment?

References

Reference NO 1

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/13582153/to-what-extent-does-the-itanium-abi-really-specify-padding-and-alignment

Reference NO 2

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/16189106/what-happens-to-empty-classes-in-the-amd64-abi

Reference NO 3

http://refspecs.linux-foundation.org/cxxabi-1.83.html

Reference NO 4

http://www.uclibc.org/docs/psABI-ia64.pdf

Reference NO 5

http://www.cs.utah.edu/flux/papers/zl-gpce10.pdf

Reference NO 6

http://www.agner.org/optimize/calling_conventions.pdf

Reference NO 7

https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/documentation/Darwin/Conceptual/64bitPorting/MakingCode64-BitClean/MakingCode64-BitClean.html

Reference NO 8

http://www.systemcall.org/blog/2011/03/